October 18, 2026
XXIX Sunday in Ordinary Time, Year A
The Gospel passage we hear today (Mt 22:15–21) presents us with a trap that the Pharisees and Herodians—allied together out of convenience—carefully devise to try to put the Lord Jesus in a difficult position.
The question they hope to trap him with has an obvious political implication: “Is it lawful to pay the census tax to Caesar or not?” (Mt 22:17). It is a tricky question: if Jesus says yes, he appears to be a collaborator; if he says no, he comes across as a political subversive.
The question, however, is preceded by a compliment that is as impressive as it is suspicious: “Teacher, we know that you are a truthful man and that you teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. And you are not concerned with anyone’s opinion...” (Mt 22:16). From a narrative perspective, the reader already knows that the Pharisees have come to “entrap Jesus” (Mt 22:15). Therefore, every word of praise, immediately comes across as false. And yet, those who seek to trap Jesus describe Him perfectly, and in trying to test Him, they ultimately give Him the opportunity to confirm their perception of Him
The question is a trap because it is phrased in such a way that there are only two possible answers: either yes or no. The trap, however, works only if Jesus accepts the terms of the dispute and remains within the boundaries set by His interlocutors: but Jesus does not allow himself to be confined to a political either-or; he does not remain a prisoner of this false dichotomy and immediately shifts the discourse towards what matters to Him, what is essential.
First, Jesus neither gives a direct answer nor responds with a parable, as He often does elsewhere in the Gospels when faced with questions of this kind. Instead, He begins with something concrete, something drawn from reality itself: the coin. And once He turns their attention to the coin, the issue becomes clear. Jesus brings to light an obvious fact, perhaps even an oversight: the coin unmistakably belongs to the imperial sphere.
Above all, Jesus escapes the trap because He does not choose either of the two opposing sides. Instead, He shows that the question itself is too narrow. The issue is not whether to stand with Caesar or against him, because, for Jesus, Caesar is not the ultimate point of reference in this matter, but rather He introduces a third element: the Father.
Caesar may have his image on a coin, but he cannot have it on a human being.
He may demand tribute, but not adoration. The Father, on the other hand, can, because the human person does not belong to Caesar, but to God.
God and Caesar, therefore, are not two rivalry rulers on the same level. One has relative power; the other has absolute power, always and forever. Jesus’ answer is not a separation of powers, but a liberation from a false dichotomy.
The matter does not end there. In their question, the representatives of the Pharisees and the Herodians had asked whether it was lawful to pay the tax. In His response, Jesus does not use the verb to pay, but to give back: “Then repay to Caesar what belongs to Caesar and to God what belongs to God” (Mt 22:21). The issue is not about paying, but about giving back to each what belongs to them.
To pay means to carry out a transaction, settle a debt, or complete an operation that brings a relationship to a close. It is a gesture that does not involve the heart: it concerns only the object and its value. To give back is a gesture that opens one to relationship, that recognizes and honors the other, and that embraces the truth of who one is.
This, indeed, was precisely the problem with the murderous tenants in the parable we heard two Sundays ago (Mt 21:33–43): they failed to give back, meaning, to acknowledge that they are not the absolute masters of reality. Neither are we, nor is Caesar.
Only the Father is, He who is good, and He makes everything that belongs to Him a total gift, like the owner of the vineyard who calls his workers and gives everyone the same wage, the same gift (Mt 20:1–16).
Jesus, therefore, does not answer the Pharisees’ question, but answers the question they did not ask, for the real question is: to whom does our heart belong?
For true freedom is born when we give back to God that which bears His image: ourselves.
+Pierbattista
*Translated from Italian
